Are Roofing Warranties Worth the Extra Cost? This question weighs heavily on homeowners facing roof replacement. The upfront cost of a warranted roof is undeniably higher, but the potential long-term savings and protection against unforeseen repairs offer a compelling counterpoint. This exploration delves into the complexities of roofing warranties, examining their various types, coverage details, and the crucial role of reputable contractors. We’ll analyze the financial implications, explore common exclusions and limitations, and ultimately help you determine if the added expense translates to worthwhile peace of mind.
Understanding the nuances of roofing warranties is essential for making informed decisions. This involves carefully comparing warranty lengths, coverage specifics, and the reputation of both the manufacturer and the installing contractor. We will navigate the often-confusing landscape of warranty terms, providing practical examples and a framework for assessing the true value proposition. By the end, you’ll be equipped to confidently weigh the costs and benefits, making the best choice for your home and budget.
Understanding Roofing Warranties
Roofing warranties are complex legal documents that protect both the homeowner and the roofing contractor. Understanding the nuances of these warranties is crucial for making informed decisions about your roof’s protection and long-term value. This section will clarify the different types of warranties, their typical coverage, and situations where they might be invoked.
Types of Roofing Warranties
Roofing warranties generally fall into two main categories: manufacturer warranties and workmanship warranties. Manufacturer warranties cover defects in the roofing materials themselves, such as shingles, underlayment, or flashing. These warranties are issued by the manufacturer and are typically transferable to subsequent homeowners. Workmanship warranties, on the other hand, cover the quality of the installation performed by the roofing contractor. These warranties are issued by the contractor and are often not transferable. Some contractors may also offer extended warranties, combining aspects of both manufacturer and workmanship coverage for an extended period.
Typical Coverage Included in a Standard Warranty
A standard roofing warranty typically covers defects in materials or workmanship that lead to premature failure of the roof. This could include issues such as leaks, missing or damaged shingles, or improper installation. However, it’s important to note that most warranties exclude damage caused by external factors like extreme weather events (hurricanes, hailstorms), acts of God, or improper maintenance by the homeowner. Specific coverage details will vary depending on the type of warranty and the issuing party.
Examples of Warranty Invocations
Several scenarios could trigger a warranty claim. For instance, if significant leaks appear within the warranty period due to faulty shingles provided by the manufacturer, a claim can be filed under the manufacturer’s warranty. If the leaks result from improper installation by the contractor, the workmanship warranty would apply. Another example would be the premature failure of the roof due to a manufacturing defect like a batch of shingles with insufficient sealant. In contrast, damage from a tree falling on the roof would likely be excluded from most warranties.
Comparison of Common Warranty Terms
The following table compares common terms found in roofing warranties. Note that these are examples, and actual terms can vary significantly.
| Warranty Type | Length (Years) | Coverage | Exclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Manufacturer (Shingles) | 20-30 | Material defects leading to leaks or premature failure | Damage from wind, hail, impact, improper maintenance |
| Workmanship | 5-10 | Improper installation leading to leaks or premature failure | Damage from wind, hail, impact, normal wear and tear |
| Extended Warranty (Combined) | 25-30 | Material and workmanship defects | Acts of God, intentional damage, normal wear and tear beyond a reasonable timeframe |
Cost Analysis of Warranties
The decision of whether or not to purchase a roofing warranty involves a careful consideration of upfront costs versus potential long-term savings. While a roof with a warranty will initially cost more, the added protection against unexpected repairs or replacements can significantly impact overall expenses over the lifespan of the roof. This analysis explores the financial aspects of choosing a warranted versus a non-warranted roof.
Upfront Costs and Long-Term Savings: A roof installed with a manufacturer’s warranty typically commands a higher price than one without. This price difference reflects the manufacturer’s commitment to covering potential defects in materials or workmanship. However, the long-term savings offered by a warranty can outweigh the initial higher investment. The financial benefit becomes particularly apparent in the event of unforeseen damage, such as hailstorms or strong winds, which could necessitate costly repairs or a complete roof replacement. A comprehensive warranty can alleviate a significant financial burden in such circumstances.
Factors Influencing Price Differences: Several factors contribute to the price disparity between warranted and non-warranted roofs. The type and length of the warranty are primary considerations. A longer warranty period, covering more potential issues, will naturally increase the upfront cost. The reputation and financial stability of the manufacturer also play a role. Established manufacturers with a proven track record of honoring their warranties often charge more, reflecting the higher perceived value and reduced risk for the homeowner. The quality of materials used in the construction of the roof itself also contributes to the price. Higher-quality materials, more likely to come with a robust warranty, are inherently more expensive. Finally, the cost of labor associated with warranty work (e.g., inspections and repairs) is factored into the overall price of a warranted roof.
Hypothetical Scenario: Let’s imagine a homeowner is considering two roofing options for their 2,000 square foot home: a non-warranted roof costing $15,000 and a warranted roof costing $18,000 with a 20-year warranty covering material defects. Five years after installation, a severe hailstorm damages a significant portion of the non-warranted roof, requiring $8,000 in repairs. The homeowner with the warranted roof experiences the same hailstorm but incurs no out-of-pocket expenses as the damage is covered under the warranty. In this scenario, the initial $3,000 difference in cost is far outweighed by the $8,000 saved on repairs for the homeowner who chose the warranted roof. While the scenario is hypothetical, it highlights the potential for substantial cost savings with a warranty in the face of unexpected damage.
Warranty Exclusions and Limitations
Roofing warranties, while offering valuable protection, often contain exclusions and limitations that can significantly impact their effectiveness. Understanding these restrictions is crucial for homeowners to make informed decisions and avoid disappointment later. A thorough review of the fine print is essential before committing to a roofing purchase based on warranty promises.
Common Exclusions in Roofing Warranties
Many roofing warranties exclude coverage for damage caused by factors outside the manufacturer’s or installer’s control. These exclusions often protect the warranty provider from liability for events that are inherently unpredictable or outside their reasonable influence. Understanding these exclusions helps homeowners manage expectations and plan for potential future expenses.
- Acts of God: This commonly includes damage from hurricanes, tornadoes, hailstorms, earthquakes, and floods. These events are generally considered unavoidable and outside the scope of a typical roofing warranty.
- Improper Installation: Warranties frequently stipulate that the roof must be installed according to the manufacturer’s specifications. Failure to adhere to these instructions will likely void the warranty, even if the materials themselves are defective.
- Neglect or Abuse: Damage resulting from homeowner negligence, such as failing to maintain the roof or performing unauthorized modifications, usually isn’t covered.
- Normal Wear and Tear: Warranties rarely cover gradual deterioration due to exposure to the elements. Fading, minor cracking, or slight shingle curling are generally considered normal wear and tear and excluded from coverage.
- Pre-existing Conditions: Damage present before the installation of the new roof is usually not covered under the warranty.
Examples of Warranty Claim Denials
Several scenarios can lead to a warranty claim being denied. Homeowners should be aware of these possibilities to avoid unexpected costs.
- A homeowner fails to properly maintain their roof, leading to algae growth and premature shingle deterioration. The warranty company may deny the claim, citing neglect as the cause of the damage.
- A tree falls on a roof during a storm. While the storm itself might be considered an act of God, if the tree was known to be diseased or unstable before the storm, the warranty company may argue that the homeowner should have taken preventative measures.
- A homeowner attempts to repair the roof themselves, causing further damage. Unauthorized repairs frequently void the warranty.
- Shingles are damaged due to improper installation by a contractor not authorized by the manufacturer. The warranty may only cover materials and labor performed by approved installers.
The Warranty Claim Filing Process
Filing a warranty claim typically involves several steps. Homeowners should carefully document the damage and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for reporting the claim. Prompt action and clear communication are key to a successful claim.
- Document the Damage: Take clear photographs and videos of the damaged area, noting the date and time of the damage.
- Contact the Manufacturer or Installer: Notify the appropriate party immediately, usually within the timeframe specified in the warranty agreement.
- Provide Necessary Documentation: This may include copies of the warranty, purchase receipts, and the documentation of damage.
- Allow for Inspection: The manufacturer or installer may send an inspector to assess the damage and determine the cause.
- Follow Up: Regularly follow up with the warranty provider to track the progress of the claim.
Questions Homeowners Should Ask Before Purchasing a Roof with a Warranty
Before purchasing a roof with a warranty, homeowners should thoroughly understand the terms and conditions to avoid potential disputes later. Proactive questioning can save significant costs and frustrations in the long run.
- What are the specific exclusions and limitations of the warranty?
- What is the duration of the warranty, and what aspects of the roof are covered?
- What is the process for filing a warranty claim, and what documentation is required?
- Is there a deductible or other out-of-pocket expenses associated with a warranty claim?
- Who is responsible for repairs under the warranty – the manufacturer, the installer, or both?
- Is the warranty transferable to a new homeowner if the property is sold?
- What is the reputation of the manufacturer and installer in terms of honoring warranties?
Roofing Material and Warranty Impact
The type of roofing material you choose significantly impacts the warranty you receive. Different materials have varying lifespans and susceptibility to damage, directly influencing the length and scope of manufacturer warranties. Understanding these differences is crucial for making an informed decision that balances cost, longevity, and warranty protection. This section will explore the warranty implications associated with various roofing materials.
The quality of the roofing material itself plays a crucial role in determining the warranty’s length and coverage. Higher-quality materials, often indicated by superior manufacturing processes and the use of higher-grade components, typically come with longer and more comprehensive warranties. Conversely, lower-quality materials may have shorter warranties with more limited coverage, reflecting their increased vulnerability to damage and premature failure. This is a direct reflection of the manufacturer’s confidence in the product’s durability.
Warranty Coverage for Manufacturer Defects
Manufacturer defects, such as flaws in the manufacturing process resulting in substandard materials or workmanship, are typically covered under the roofing material warranty. These defects can range from minor imperfections that don’t significantly impact performance to major flaws that lead to premature failure. Examples of manufacturer defects include: blemishes or inconsistencies in asphalt shingle granules that compromise their weather resistance, imperfections in the clay composition of tiles leading to cracking, or manufacturing flaws in metal roofing panels that compromise their structural integrity. The specific coverage for these defects varies depending on the manufacturer and the specific warranty terms. A thorough review of the warranty document is essential to understanding the extent of this coverage.
Warranty Features of Common Roofing Materials
Understanding the key warranty features for different roofing materials is essential for informed decision-making. The following outlines the typical warranty characteristics of three common roofing materials: asphalt shingles, clay tiles, and metal roofing.
The following table summarizes typical warranty offerings:
| Roofing Material | Typical Warranty Length | Common Coverage | Typical Exclusions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asphalt Shingles | 20-30 years (limited lifetime warranties are available) | Manufacturing defects, granule loss, cracking, and curling | Damage from extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes), improper installation, normal wear and tear |
| Clay Tiles | 50 years or more (some offer lifetime warranties) | Manufacturing defects, cracking, and breakage | Damage from extreme weather events, improper installation, impact damage |
| Metal Roofing | 30-50 years (some offer lifetime warranties) | Manufacturing defects, rust, and corrosion | Damage from extreme weather events, improper installation, hail damage (depending on the coating) |
The Role of the Roofing Contractor
The roofing contractor plays a pivotal role in the entire warranty process, from the initial installation to the handling of any potential claims. Their expertise and adherence to best practices directly influence the longevity and validity of your roof’s warranty. Understanding their responsibilities is crucial for homeowners seeking to protect their investment.
The contractor’s responsibilities extend beyond simply installing the roof. They are responsible for ensuring the installation adheres strictly to the manufacturer’s specifications, which is a key requirement for warranty validity. This includes proper material handling, installation techniques, and adherence to all building codes. Furthermore, the contractor is usually the primary point of contact for any warranty claims, acting as the liaison between the homeowner and the manufacturer. They are responsible for assessing the damage, documenting the claim, and working with the manufacturer to secure a resolution. This process often involves providing detailed photographs and reports, demonstrating the nature of the damage and its compliance (or non-compliance) with warranty conditions.
Contractor Responsibilities Regarding Warranty Claims
A reputable roofing contractor will clearly outline their responsibilities regarding warranty claims in their contract. This typically includes promptly investigating any reported issues, providing detailed documentation to the manufacturer, and advocating for the homeowner’s interests throughout the claims process. They should maintain open communication, keeping the homeowner informed of the claim’s progress and any necessary steps. Failure to fulfill these responsibilities can significantly impact the homeowner’s ability to successfully utilize the warranty. For example, if a contractor fails to submit the claim properly or provides inadequate documentation, the manufacturer may deny the claim, leaving the homeowner to bear the cost of repairs.
Importance of Choosing a Reputable Roofing Contractor
Selecting a reputable contractor is paramount for ensuring warranty protection. A reputable contractor possesses the necessary experience, licensing, and insurance to handle the installation and any subsequent warranty claims effectively. They will typically provide references, testimonials, and a detailed contract that clearly outlines their responsibilities, including warranty coverage. Choosing a contractor without proper credentials or a poor track record significantly increases the risk of encountering problems during installation and during any future warranty claims. The lack of professionalism and expertise could lead to improper installation, voiding the warranty, and leaving the homeowner with substantial repair costs.
Implications of Using a Contractor Who Does Not Offer Warranties
Engaging a contractor who does not offer warranties presents significant risks to the homeowner. This lack of warranty protection exposes the homeowner to the full cost of any repairs or replacements required due to defects in materials or workmanship. Even if the manufacturer provides a warranty on the materials, the lack of a contractor warranty could leave the homeowner with no recourse if the contractor’s errors cause damage or void the manufacturer’s warranty. This situation could lead to significant financial burdens and disputes, making it crucial to always work with a contractor who provides comprehensive warranties on both labor and materials.
Examples of Contractor Error Affecting Warranty Validity
Several situations can arise where contractor errors directly impact the warranty’s validity. For instance, improper installation of underlayment, leading to water damage, is a common reason for warranty denial. Similarly, using incompatible flashing materials, failing to properly seal around penetrations (such as chimneys or vents), or not following the manufacturer’s specified nail pattern can all void the warranty. Another example would be neglecting to properly ventilate the attic space, resulting in premature aging of the roofing materials due to excessive heat buildup. In all these cases, the contractor’s negligence directly contributes to the damage and renders the warranty invalid, leaving the homeowner with significant repair expenses.
Long-Term Value and Resale Value
A roofing warranty significantly impacts a home’s long-term value and its attractiveness to potential buyers. A well-maintained roof is a crucial selling point, and the assurance provided by a warranty adds considerable peace of mind. This translates directly into a higher resale value and a faster sale.
A longer warranty period offers substantial long-term cost benefits. While the upfront cost of a roof with an extended warranty might be higher, the potential savings on future repairs far outweigh this initial investment, especially over the typical lifespan of a roof (15-30 years). The longer the warranty, the less likely you are to face unexpected and potentially expensive repair bills.
Return on Investment Analysis
Comparing the potential return on investment (ROI) for a roof with a warranty versus one without requires considering several factors, including the initial cost difference, the warranty duration, the expected lifespan of the roofing material, and the average cost of repairs in your area. For instance, a roof with a 50-year warranty may have a higher initial cost than a roof with a 10-year warranty. However, the long-term savings on potential repairs over the next 40 years could result in a significantly higher ROI for the more expensive, longer-warrantied roof. This is especially true if unexpected severe weather events damage the roof. Consider a scenario where a homeowner in a hurricane-prone area invests in a roof with a 25-year warranty compared to a homeowner with a 10-year warranty. The added protection could save tens of thousands of dollars in repairs over the life of the roof.
Projected Long-Term Cost of Roof Repairs
The following table illustrates a projected comparison of long-term roof repair costs with and without a warranty, considering a 25-year timeframe. These figures are estimates and will vary depending on factors such as location, climate, and roofing material.
| Year | Roof with 25-Year Warranty (Estimated Cost) | Roof without Warranty (Estimated Cost) | Cost Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1-25 | $0 (covered by warranty) | $0 (assuming no major issues) | $0 |
| 26-50 | $X (potential repair costs after warranty expires, depending on material and maintenance) | $Y (potential repair costs, likely higher due to age and accumulated minor damages) | $Y – $X |
*Note: $X and $Y represent estimated costs that would need to be determined based on local roofing repair costs and the specific roofing material. For example, $X might be $5,000 for minor repairs, while $Y could be $15,000 for a more extensive repair or even a full roof replacement.*
Legal Aspects of Roofing Warranties
Roofing warranties, while offering peace of mind, also carry significant legal implications for both homeowners and contractors. Understanding these legal aspects is crucial for protecting your rights and ensuring a fair resolution in case of disputes. This section will outline the legal ramifications of warranty breaches, homeowner rights, dispute resolution processes, and relevant legal precedents.
Warranty Breach Implications
A breach of a roofing warranty occurs when the roofing contractor or manufacturer fails to fulfill the promises outlined in the warranty agreement. The consequences of a breach can vary depending on the specifics of the contract and applicable state laws. These consequences may include the contractor’s obligation to repair or replace defective materials, reimbursement for expenses incurred by the homeowner due to the breach, and in some cases, legal action for damages. The severity of the breach and the resulting penalties are determined by the terms of the warranty and the evidence presented. For instance, a minor defect might only require repair, while a major structural failure could lead to substantial compensation for the homeowner.
Homeowner Rights Under a Roofing Warranty
Homeowners possess several rights under a roofing warranty. These rights typically include the right to have the roofing contractor or manufacturer repair or replace defective materials or workmanship within the warranty period. Homeowners also have the right to receive a detailed explanation of the warranty terms, including exclusions and limitations. Crucially, homeowners retain the right to pursue legal action if the contractor or manufacturer fails to honor the warranty terms, providing they can prove the breach and resulting damages. This right extends to seeking compensation for costs incurred due to the warranty breach, including additional repairs, temporary housing, and lost income.
Dispute Resolution Processes
Resolving disputes related to roofing warranties often involves a multi-step process. Initially, homeowners should attempt to resolve the issue directly with the roofing contractor or manufacturer. This may involve submitting a written claim detailing the problem and requesting a remedy. If this attempt fails, homeowners may consider mediation or arbitration, which offer less costly and time-consuming alternatives to litigation. Mediation involves a neutral third party facilitating communication and negotiation between the parties, while arbitration involves a neutral third party making a binding decision. If mediation and arbitration fail, litigation may be necessary to enforce the warranty terms and obtain a court judgment.
Legal Precedents in Roofing Warranty Disputes
Numerous legal precedents exist concerning roofing warranty disputes. These cases often center on the interpretation of warranty terms, the burden of proof for demonstrating a breach, and the appropriate remedies for the breach. For example, a court might rule that a contractor’s failure to use specified materials constitutes a breach of warranty, even if the resulting roof is functional. Similarly, cases have established that the homeowner must prove the defect existed within the warranty period and resulted from the contractor’s negligence or the use of defective materials. The specific details of these precedents vary depending on jurisdiction and the facts of each case, highlighting the importance of consulting with legal counsel for specific guidance. It is important to note that accessing and reviewing specific case law requires legal research databases and may not be easily accessible to the general public.
Hidden Costs Associated with Warranties
While roofing warranties offer a degree of protection, it’s crucial to understand that they don’t always cover everything. Several hidden costs can unexpectedly arise, impacting the overall value proposition. Carefully reviewing the warranty’s fine print is essential to avoid unpleasant surprises.
It’s easy to focus on the initial cost of the roof and the warranty itself, but unforeseen expenses can significantly add to the total expenditure. These hidden costs can stem from various sources, including limitations within the warranty’s scope, requirements for specific maintenance, or even the process of filing a claim. Understanding these potential expenses is crucial for making an informed decision.
Deductibles and Co-pays
Many roofing warranties operate similarly to insurance policies, incorporating deductibles or co-pays. This means that even when a covered issue arises, you’ll be responsible for a portion of the repair or replacement costs. For example, a warranty might cover 90% of the cost of replacing damaged shingles due to a covered event, leaving you responsible for the remaining 10%. The specific deductible or co-pay amount will vary depending on the warranty provider and the type of coverage. Failing to account for these upfront costs can lead to budget overruns.
Inspection and Assessment Fees
Before any warranty work commences, the roofing contractor or warranty provider may require an inspection to determine the validity of the claim. These inspections often incur fees, even if the damage is ultimately deemed covered under the warranty. These fees can range from a few hundred dollars to several thousand, depending on the extent of the inspection and the complexity of the assessment. These costs should be factored into your overall budget.
Travel and Labor Charges
Even with a valid warranty claim, you may still be responsible for some additional expenses. For instance, if the roofing contractor needs to travel a significant distance to reach your property, you may be charged for travel expenses. Similarly, if the repair or replacement involves extensive labor, additional charges beyond the warranty coverage might apply. It’s important to clarify these potential charges during the initial discussions with the contractor.
Examples of Situations Leading to Additional Costs
Consider a scenario where a homeowner’s roof is damaged due to a covered event like a hailstorm. While the warranty covers shingle replacement, it might exclude the cost of repairing or replacing underlying decking if damaged. This additional cost could amount to thousands of dollars, significantly impacting the homeowner’s out-of-pocket expenses. Another example is where the warranty covers material cost but not labor. In such cases, the homeowner would be responsible for the cost of labor to install the new materials.
Questions to Ask the Roofing Contractor
Understanding the potential for hidden costs requires proactive questioning. Before signing any contract, it’s vital to clarify these aspects with the roofing contractor.
- What are the specific deductibles or co-pays associated with this warranty?
- Are there any fees associated with inspections or assessments of warranty claims?
- What are the terms and conditions regarding travel expenses for the contractor?
- Does the warranty cover labor costs for repairs or replacements, or only materials?
- Are there any exclusions or limitations related to underlying roof structure damage?
- What documentation is required to file a warranty claim?
- What is the process for filing a warranty claim, and how long can I expect the process to take?
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Roofing Warranty
Choosing the right roofing warranty involves careful consideration of several key factors. A comprehensive approach ensures you receive adequate protection for your investment while avoiding unnecessary expenses. This section provides a decision-making framework to guide you through this process.
Evaluating roofing warranties requires a systematic approach, comparing different options based on their coverage, length, and cost. This framework considers the interplay between these factors to determine the best value for your specific needs and circumstances. A crucial element is understanding your risk tolerance – are you comfortable with a shorter, less expensive warranty, or do you prefer the peace of mind offered by a longer, more comprehensive plan?
Warranty Length and Coverage
Warranty length significantly impacts the overall cost. Longer warranties generally cost more upfront but offer greater protection against unforeseen repairs or replacements over time. Coverage details are equally important; some warranties only cover material defects, while others include labor costs and incidental damages. For example, a 20-year warranty covering only materials might seem appealing initially, but a 15-year warranty that includes labor could be more cost-effective in the long run, considering the expense of labor. Analyzing the specific terms of each warranty, including exclusions and limitations, is crucial for a fair comparison.
Manufacturer vs. Contractor Warranties
Understanding the distinctions between manufacturer and contractor warranties is vital. Manufacturer warranties cover defects in materials, while contractor warranties typically cover the workmanship involved in installation. A comprehensive roofing solution benefits from both. For instance, a manufacturer’s 50-year warranty on shingles might be rendered useless if the contractor’s workmanship warranty is only for one year, leading to premature shingle failure due to improper installation. Therefore, you need to assess both aspects to ensure complete coverage.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Warranty Options
A cost-benefit analysis helps determine the optimal warranty choice. This involves calculating the total cost of each warranty option, including the upfront premium and the potential future costs of repairs or replacements. Consider this example: Warranty A costs $500 extra and covers material and labor for 20 years. Warranty B costs $200 extra and covers only materials for 15 years. If a roof replacement costs $15,000, Warranty A becomes significantly more attractive if a major repair or replacement is likely within the warranty period. Conversely, if the likelihood of needing a repair is low, Warranty B might be a better financial choice.
Visual Representation of Warranty Cost vs. Long-Term Savings
Imagine a graph with the x-axis representing the warranty cost and the y-axis representing potential long-term savings. Each warranty option would be plotted as a point on this graph. Warranties with higher upfront costs would be positioned further to the right, while warranties with greater potential savings (due to longer coverage or comprehensive inclusions) would be positioned higher on the graph. The optimal warranty would be situated in the upper-left quadrant, representing a balance between cost and long-term value. This visual representation clarifies the trade-off between immediate expense and future financial security.
Final Summary
Ultimately, the decision of whether or not to purchase a roofing warranty is a personal one, heavily dependent on individual circumstances and risk tolerance. While the upfront cost is a significant factor, the potential long-term savings and protection offered by a comprehensive warranty can provide significant peace of mind. By carefully considering the factors discussed—warranty terms, contractor reputation, material quality, and potential hidden costs—homeowners can make a well-informed decision that best protects their investment. Remember to thoroughly review the warranty contract and seek clarification on any ambiguous points before committing to a purchase.